This is a continuing series of articles on Biofertilizers. This is the 3rd and concluding part of the series.
Ectomycorrhiza-
The fungus here forms a sort of mantle on root surface, the fungal hyphae then penetrate into the cortex region of roots and also grow into the soil, this helps in increasing surface are for absorption of water, minerals. Ultimately, this is beneficial to the plant as it improves plant growth and yield. Root cells secrete sugars for breeding the fungus which in turn absorb nitrogen, phosphorous, calcium and potassium from the soil and also convert complex organic compounds into simpler forms for uptake by the plant.
Examples- Eucalyptus, Oak, Pine, Peach
Endomycorrhiza-
The fungus here send hyphae inside the cells as vesicles and arbcscles (finely branched masses), therefore also known as VAM (Vesscicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza). VAM serve an important role in phosphate nutrition of plants. Plants with VAM show more growth and higher vigour. The synthetic fertilizer requirement in case of such plants is also less. VAM comprise the group of Endogoniaceace of Zygomycetes.
Vam is found in many plants such as rice, soyabean, potato, rubber, citrus, peas, tea, apples, papaya etc.
Some important VAM species are-
VAM helps plants to intake more of zinc, calcium, iron and such other minerals. It helps in securing better plant growth, helps in improving absorption rates in plants, reduces sensitivity of crops towards salinity and heavy metals and also provides resistance against soil borne pathogens.
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